NUS presently has a framework for non-funded modules to be offered as Executive Certificates and such certificates comprise of at least two short courses or modules. Many of the existing Executive Certificates are made of multiple short courses which together add up to at most 4MCs. Hence, the 20 proposed Executive Certificates are of comparable size, although each of them comprises of only one 4 MC module. The offer of the non-funded modules from the Specialist Certificate or Certificate Courses as Executive Certificates will enable individuals to read the modules on a standalone basis at their own pace, for purpose of stacking towards certificates or gaining credits towards a relevant BTech degree. This arrangement also allows working adults and other individuals to upgrade their knowledge and skills at their own pace, to stay relevant in this fast-changing economy.